Jean-Marc Bonmatin, co-author of a journal article on stress factors affecting bee populations
Published in 'Environmental Advances' (impact factor 7.4), the article describes the stress factors responsible for honeybee colony collapse, focusing in particular on the prevalence of Nosema-like microsporidia in the digestive system.
In honeybees, certain interactions between Nosema and other biotic stressors (e.g. viruses, mites) or abiotic stressors (e.g. pesticides) have been found to be synergistic, neutral or antagonistic. The literature shows that risk assessments, which are always carried out by regulatory authorities on a single pesticide molecule, do not take into account these multi-stress interactions, even though they are crucial.
Link to the article (open access): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100709