Typologie d'actualités: Group DNA repair: Structure, Function and Dynamic

Breast cancer: towards early diagnosis by imaging

In vivo imaging of metastatic breast cancer tumors at very early stages is about to become possible. A team of chemists and biologists from the Center for Molecular Biophysics (CNRS) has indeed developed a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe which has a selective affinity for an emerging biomarker of metastatic breast cancer: Netrin- 1. Find out more on the Cnrs Chimie website.

See more and Cnrs Chmie website.

Reference
Peptide-Conjugated MRI Probe Targeted to Netrin-1, a Novel Metastatic Breast Cancer Biomarker
Clémentine Moreau, Tea Lukačević, Agnès Pallier, Julien Sobilo, Samia Aci-Sèche, Norbert Garnier, Sandra Même, Éva Tóth & Sara Lacerda
Bioconjugate Chemistry 2024
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00558

Comprehensive review about the “logic of protein modifications”

Among the main functional building blocks of living cells are proteins, small “molecular machines” produced by the cell according to the information encoded in genes. Each protein has its characteristic chemical composition which defines its structure and function.

In some circumstances, the chemical composition of a protein can be changed in an enzymatic process known as post-translational modification (PTM), whereby additional chemical groups are covalently attached to the protein. PTMs are used by the cell as a regulatory mechanism to control protein function. The addition of new chemical groups – which can come in different shapes and sizes, ranging from small groups, through sugars and lipids, to small proteins – changes the structure and interactions of a protein and can impact almost any aspect of its function.

Marcin Suskiewicz, a structural biologist and biochemist from the CBM, has devoted many years to studying various types of protein PTMs and currently supervises a project devoted to one particular type of PTMs, protein SUMOylation.

In the review published in the journal BioEssays, he reviews the history of the research into protein PTMs as well as various facets of this phenomenon, including the underlying chemical principles, molecular mechanisms, and evolution.

The review combines an introduction to the field with an overview of the recent literature and new ideas and hypotheses.

References:

The logic of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs): Chemistry, mechanisms and evolution of protein regulation through covalent attachments
Marcin Suskiewicz
BioEssays
First published:21 January 2024
https://doi-org.insb.bib.cnrs.fr/10.1002/bies.202300178

A review on ADP-ribosylation appeared in the journal Cell

ADP-ribosylation is a biochemical reaction in which the ADP-ribose group from NAD+ becomes covalently attached to various substrates. As such, ADP-ribosylation represents a ubiquitous modification of proteins and other biomolecules (e.g., nucleic acids). Catalysed by a range of specific enzymes, the most important of which in humans is PARP1, ADP-ribosylation serves as a regulatory mechanism influencing a wide array of cellular processes in all domains of life. This new review, published in the authoritative Leading Edge series of reviews of the journal Cell, covers the state of the art on this subject spanning structural biology, biochemistry, cell biology, and the clinical facets of ADP-ribosylation. In addition to Marcin Suskiewicz from the CBM as the first author, the review was co-authored by Ivan Ahel and members of his group at the University of Oxford.

Suskiewicz M., Prokhlrova E., Rack J.G.M., Ahel I.
ADP-ribosylation from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications
Cell Review, Volume 186, Issue 21, pages 4475-4495, October 12, 2023 - doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.03

The CNRS Institute of Chemistry reports on its website the work of CBM researchers

Understanding the function of proteins requires knowing their structures.
To do this, scientists used artificial intelligence to predict the shape of a class of "PARP" type proteins that regulate DNA repair, gene transcription, and antiviral response, but are also potential targets for new cancer therapies. This approach, published in the journal Nucleic Acids Research, could be extended to many other families of proteins.

Voir l'actualité sur le site de l'Institut de Chimie du CNRS

Référence

Updated protein domain annotation of the PARP protein family sheds new light on biological function
Marcin J. Suskiewicz, Deeksha Munnur, Øyvind Strømland, Ji-Chun Yang, Laura E. Easton, Chatrin Chatri , Kang Zhu, Domagoj Baretić, Stéphane Goffinont, Marion Schuller, Wing-Fung Wu, Jonathan M Elkins, Dragana Ahel, Sumana Sanyal, David Neuhaus & Ivan Ahel
Journal Nucleic Acids Research

https://academic.oup.com/nar/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkad514/7199335?login=true