Typologie d'actualités: Team Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology

J.-M. Bonmatin co-author of a letter in Science

This letter is written by members of “the Task Force on Systemic Pesticides” (www.tfsp.info) of which JM Bonmatin is vice-chair. It recalls the fundamental principles of integrated pest management in agriculture, defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Integrated Pest Management first and foremost promotes risk prevention, and allows pesticides to be used only as a last resort, i.e. not in the first instance as in the case of prophylactic treatment (e.g. seeds coated with pesticides). The authors are concerned about the consequences of the recent signing of a strategic collaboration letter between the FAO and CropLife International (BASF, Bayer Syngenta, Corteva...). In fact, the authors point out the differences in the interpretation of IPM by CropLife International.

Reference : Kris Wyckhuys, Francisco Sanchez-Bayo, Alexandre Aebi, Maarten Bijleveld van Lexmond, Jean-Marc Bonmatin, Dave Goulson and Edward Mitchell, (2021) Stay true to integrated pest management, Science, 371 (6525), 133. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf8072

Decline in insect populations

A group of multidisciplinary co-authors from INRAE, CNRS and several universities (FR, BE & UK) has just published a scientific article in Science (Desquilbet et al., 2020). In the form of a ‘Technical comment’, this article identifies numerous data errors and methodological biases in a meta-analysis published in Science in April 2020 (Van Klink et al., 2020). As a result, the conclusions of Van Klink et al. on a more nuanced decline in terrestrial insects and on an increase in aquatic insects are invalidated. Our new publication reflects less the contradictory aspects of the research, than the emergence and growth of a "biodiversity scepticism". This biodiversity scepticism* must be apprehended. It minimises the impact of humans on nature (e.g. agriculture and pesticides) and is reminiscent of the climate scepticism that has caused a great deal of time to be lost in climate decision-making. J.-M. Bonmatin and his co-authors call for greater rigour in the conduct of such meta-analyses which are at the basis for stakeholders' decisions on key global issues.

Reference: Desquilbet M., Gaume L., Grippa M., Céréghino R., Humbert J.F., Bonmatin J.M., Cornillon P.A., Maes D., Van Dyck H. & Goulson D. (2020) Comment on “Meta-analysis reveals declines in terrestrial but increases in freshwater insect abundances”, Science, 370 (6523)

*See: The Conversation 2019, Nature 2020, Le Monde 2020 & Libération 2020

It is in the press: Le Monde 18/01/2021, The Conversation 28/01/2021, Le Monde 30/01/2021, Le Monde 04/02/2021 & CNRS-INEE 08/02/2021

 




Neonicotinoids

A scientific article linking the contamination of soils by neonicotinoid pesticides and their presence in hair of people in the Philippines has just been published by Jean-Marc Bonmatin et al. (2020) in the journal Science of the Total Environment. This article is part of researches carried out on human health by the Task Force on Systemic Pesticides, which brings together more than sixty independent researchers (www.tfsp.info & Facebook TFSP). This article also sheds light on the exposure of populations, particularly in the context of the possible reintroduction of neonicotinoids for sugar beet in France.

This article is highlighted by the CNRS chemistry institute.

RNA Remodeling Proteins, Methods and Protocols

The second edition of the book “RNA Remodeling Proteins, Methods and Protocols” edited by Marc Boudvillain has just been published.

This volume of the “Methods in Molecular Biology” series compiles new methods to study RNA-protein complexes and the mechanisms leading to their structural remodeling. The volume includes 4 chapters written by CBM researchers and ideally complements the first edition published in 2015.

 

Metabolomic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies at Presymptomatic and Symptomatic Stages of Huntington’s Disease on a Drosophila Model

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, for which diagnostic development and discovery of new therapeutic targets are urgently required. In this study, a model of HD in Drosophila melanogaster has been used to identify metabolic biomarkers at presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of the disease. The pan-neuronal expression of a pathogenic fragment of the human Huntingtin (HTT) protein containing a 93-repeat polyglutamine expansion (Httex1p Q93) in transgenic flies induces a neuropathology with several characteristics of the human disease. The discriminant metabolites between the diseased flies and their controls were identified by 1H-NMR and OPLS-DA multivariate analysis.
The experiments carried out with 10-day-old flies allowed us to identify a set of 10 biomarkers of the presymptomatic stage: NAD+, AMP, fumarate, asparagine, dimethylamine, β-alanine, glutamine, succinate, glutamate, and ethanol. Remarkably, the experiments conducted with 16-day-old flies, when the symptoms of the disease were present, highlighted a different set of 6 biomarkers: phosphocholine, ethanolamine, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, pyruvate, and acetate. Results provide a better understanding of the metabolic impairments in a widely used HD model and demonstrate that metabolism perturbations change dramatically during the development of the disease.

Metabolomic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies at Presymptomatic and Symptomatic Stages of Huntington’s Disease on a Drosophila Model
Marylène Bertrand, Martine Decoville, Hervé Meudal, Serge Birman, and Céline Landon
Journal of Proteome Research (2020) 19, (10) 4034-4045 - doi : 10.1021/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00335